University of Pittsburgh Ridgway Center for International Security Studies


Dr. Phil Williams, Professor and Director of the Matthew B. Ridgway Center for International Security Studies






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"The Invisible Tide: Towards an International Strategy to Deal with Drug Trafficking Through West Africa" - James Cockayne and Phil Williams

A tide of money, influence, and power, born from the drug trafficking, is sweeping the West Africa region. The international community is only just beginning to grasp the scale of this problem. It has no clear strategy for responding or even for containing the risks the invisible tide poses for human, national, and international security in West Africa—and beyond. In this paper, the authors explain what these risks are, and recommend steps that policymakers in national capitals and multilateral institutions might take to address them in the next three to five years.

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